As outlined in the latest Defense Multiannual Planning Document dated September 20, 2024, the Italian government has decided to expand its F-35 stealth fighter fleet from 90 to 115 aircraft, with an additional expenditure of €7 billion. This choice aims to replace aging models such as the Tornado, AM-X, and AV-8B. This adjustment is part of an ongoing effort to update the country’s air capabilities, which also includes acquiring 24 additional Eurofighter Typhoon jets and participating in the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP).
Italy’s F-35 acquisition strategy initially followed a three-phase approach outlined in the 2023-2025 Multi-Year Program Document (DPP). These phases were designed to expand Italy’s fleet while ensuring logistical and infrastructure support. Due to evolving geopolitical and operational considerations, a fourth phase—Phase 3—has been introduced, marking a significant step in modernizing Italy’s fleet with a fifth-generation multi-role aircraft.
Phase 1 involved a €7.06 billion investment for 28 F-35 aircraft, including engines, equipment, updates, and logistical support up to 2022. This phase also established key infrastructure at the Cameri Tri-Valley Hub and national sites such as Amendola, Ghedi, and the aircraft carrier Cavour. In Phase 2a, the government allocated €4.2 billion to procure 27 more aircraft, extending logistical support until 2030. Phase 2b began in 2022 with an investment of €7 billion to acquire 35 additional aircraft, bringing the total fleet to 90 and providing logistical support until 2032. This phase also activated operational sites at Grottaglie and Decimomannu.
The new Phase 3 will add 25 more F-35 aircraft, requiring an estimated €7 billion. This phase will cover engines, equipment, updates, and logistical support until 2035, expanding the fleet to 115 aircraft. Although this total is below the original target of 131 set in 2009, it aligns with the current needs of the Italian Armed Forces. A new operational site will be activated on the Trieste ship, and costs for maintaining the Cameri European Hub will remain comparable to US facilities.
The embarked aerotactical component’s funding totals €125.04 million, distributed as €5.3 million in 2024, €3.35 million in 2025, €63.51 million in 2026, and €452.88 million for the remaining period, with completion expected by 2037. (Picture source: F-35 Lightning II Joint Program Office)